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The error theory of LLM consciousness: there is no evidence that standard LLMs are conscious
Resource type
Journal Article
Author/contributor
- Schneider, Susan (Author)
Title
The error theory of LLM consciousness: there is no evidence that standard LLMs are conscious
Abstract
Are chatbots AI zombies or conscious minds? I suspect they are AI zombies, at least when implemented on today’s standard hardware. I argue that today’s Large Language Mode’s (LLM’s) consciousness-like behaviors do not suggest they are conscious, because there is an error theory – a theory explaining why they behave as if they are conscious in absence of actual felt experience. LLMs function as “crowdsourced neocortices” – as they scale up, they come to mirror human conceptual structures, leading to human-like behaviors, including those involving consciousness. By contrast, bio-computers, quantum computers, and neuromorphic systems present more serious candidates for AI consciousness.
Publication
Behavioral and Brain Sciences
Date
2026/01
Volume
49
Pages
e359
Accessed
9/28/26, 7:03 AM
ISSN
0140-525X, 1469-1825
Short Title
The error theory of LLM consciousness
Language
en
Library Catalog
Cambridge University Press
Citation
Schneider, S. (2026). The error theory of LLM consciousness: there is no evidence that standard LLMs are conscious. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 49, e359. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X25103920
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